Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish new Chinese reference values and prediction equations for lung parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow in individuals of 10 to 81 years of age. In addition, embarrassingly, no official reference values for Chinese are available. Several reference values for Chinese populations have been published in the English literature, but the available data did not include the influence of sex and age, except 1 study. Failure to consider these ethnic and geographic differences in lung function could lead to errors in diagnosis and disease classification. The wide range of geographical and climatic conditions in a large country such as China may be associated with regional differences in lung function in healthy people. Since international guidelines discourage the use of spirometry reference equations excluding age, height, and race, there is a need to collect lung function data from Chinese individuals. In Europe and America, the lung functions values and prediction equations are mostly derived from white and black individuals, and these values cannot be used for the evaluation of Asian people, especially Chinese residing abroad and/of expatriates of Chinese origin. As a result, healthcare has been forced to adopt reference values derived from several different lung function studies. Several sets of normal values had been published over the last decades with considerably variable subject characteristics. Therefore, the reference values will influence the treatment decisions, which will have important implications for the patients and the healthcare system. The results of pulmonary function tests in an individual are compared with those of healthy individuals. Caucasian references may be inappropriate for Chinese. Recent studies presented equations for many populations in the world, but the Asian populations were only represented by Japanese, Indian, and Caucasian Australasian individuals. Normal lung function values are influenced by many factors, including age, height, body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2), sex, ethnic origin, physical activity, environmental conditions, altitude, tobacco smoking, and socioeconomic status. This study provides spirometry equations that can be used for Chinese individuals. For each sex, the z scores differed significantly by BMI ( Pā<ā.001). The relationship between height and lung function parameters was nonlinear, with the variance of lung function parameters increasing with increasing height. Similar relationships were observed for women. Based on previous studies, Caucasians men from the USA and Switzerland had higher FVC and FEV1 than in the present study, but only slightly higher than American blacks, British, Pakistani, and Singapore an inverse trend was observed for Malay and Indians. The highest correlation being to height in both men and women except for tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume among women. All measured lung function parameters were strongly correlated to age, height, weight, and BMI. All spirometric data of men were higher than those of women except breathing frequency and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC). Most lung function variables were nonlinear with age and showed a plateau in younger adults, with a decline after 31 to 35 years. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was performed for each parameter against age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI kg/m 2) for males and females separately. The subjects were 10 to 81 years of age, nonsmokers, and without chronic or acute diseases. Pulmonary functions were measured according to the American Thoracic Society criteria in 1457 subjects from the Zhejiang coastal province (China). To establish new Chinese reference values and prediction equations for lung parameters in Chinese individuals of 10 to 81 years of age. No official spirometry reference values for Chinese are available.
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